ICAO Environmental Report 2025

The ICAO Environmental Report 2025 presents the progress made over the last three years across key areas of ICAO’s environmental protection activities.

 

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Introduction 
Table of Contents

Insights from the President of the ICAO Council
Salvatore Sciacchitano
Insights from the Secretary General of ICAO
Juan Carlos Salazar
Insights from the Director of the Air Transport Bureau (DATB), ICAOMohammed Khalifa Rahma
A Historic Milestone in Aviation Environmental Progress
Jane Hupe
CHAPTER ONE: AVIATION & ENVIRONMENTAL OUTLOOK 
Turning Ambition into Action: From the LTAG and Global Framework to International CooperationICAO Secretariat
Overview of the Thirteenth Cycle of the Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection (CAEP/13)Michael Lunter (Netherlands) and Neil Dickson (ICAO CAEP Secretary)
Environmental Trends in Aviation to 2070
Gregg G. Fleming (USA DOT Volpe), Darren Rhodes (UK CAA), Roger Schaufele (USA FAA),
Catherine Marthe (Switzerland FOCA), and David Pace (USA DOT Volpe)
The State of Global Climate and Hazards posed by Sand and Dust Storms and WildfiresGreg Brock, Stéphanie Wigniolle and Chris Hewitt (WMO)
Bridging the Upper-Air Data GapNicolás Rivaben (WMO)
In-Service Aircraft for a Global Observing SystemHannah Clark (IAGOS)
ICAO’s work on NOx emissions regulationTheo Rindlisbacher and Urs Ziegler (Federal Office of Civil Aviation (FOCA), Switzerland)
Global cooperation to advance the understanding of Non-CO2 effects in aviationStephen Arrowsmith (EASA)
Encouraging diversity in the aviation sectorMaria Vittoria Corazza (Sapienza University of Rome) and Jane Hupe (ICAO)
Advancing Sustainable Aviation: developments in aviation sustainability from the academic perspectiveSuzanne Kearns (Waterloo Institute for Sustainable Aeronautics, University of Waterloo,
Canada), David Zingg (Centre for Research in Sustainable Aviation, University of Toronto)
and Tim Ryley (Griffith Aviation, School of Engineering & Built Environment)
CHAPTER TWO: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION — OVERVIEW
 
Advancing Global Aviation Climate Mitigation: Setting the Scene for LTAG ImplementationICAO Secretariat
Introduction to the LTAG Monitoring and Reporting (LMR) MethodologyMarcela Anselmi (Brazil) and Michael Lunter (Netherlands)
Path to net zero: Turning ambition into actionFelix Eggert (ATAG)
Exploring the Contribution of Short-Lived Climate Pollutants (SLCPs) Mitigation to ICAO’s Long-Term Aspirational GoalSupraja Kumar and Jayant Mukhopadhaya (ICCT)
To Achieve LTAG: Ways to Address and Minimize Residual CO2 EmissionsRabab Mehnaz and Alejandro Block (IATA)
Message from Airbus’ Chief Sustainability Officer (CSO)Julie Kitcher (Airbus)
Empowering Policy and Progress: How Boeing’s Cascade Tool Maps Paths to Aviation’s FutureBoeing
How to Integrate non-CO2 Effects in Monitoring, Reporting and Verification Mechanisms – an Insight into Technical OptionsFlorian Linke and Malte Niklass (DLR German Aerospace Center)
Institute for Sustainable Aviation: Three Years of Interdisciplinary Research and Training ExcellenceProf. Laurent Joly (ISAE-SUPAERO)
CHAPTER THREE: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION — AIRCRAFT
TECHNOLOGIES
 
Technology Solutions to Support ICAO’s Long-Term Global Aspirational Goal (LTAG)ICAO Secretariat
Emissions Technical: Progress of CAEP/13 Working Group 3Bethan Owen (UK) and ICAO Secretariat
Enabling a zero-carbon future for aviationAlejandro Block (IATA) and Jennifer Desharnais (ACI)
Taking Flight Towards Greater Sustainability with CFM International’s RISE InitiativeValérie Guénon (Safran)
How hybrid-electric technology can facilitate better adoption of sustainable aviation fuelStéphane Viala (Ascendance)
Beyond Aero: A Startup Revolutionizing Aviation Towards a Hydrogen-Electric FutureJacques-Alexis Verrecchia (Beyond Aero)
Addressing Non-CO2 Emissions — the way towards clean and competitive aviationChristiane Voigt (DLR), Adél Schröpfer (DLR), Anthony Brown (NRC), Greg Smallwood (NRC),
Leonid Nichman (NRC), Sean Yun (NRC), Pervez Canteenwalla (NRC), June Sun (NRC), Philippe
Novelli (ONERA), and Kaouthar Benameur (ONERA)
CHAPTER FOUR: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION — OPERATIONS
 
Overview of operational improvements and ICAO’s path to net-zero carbon emissions by 2050ICAO Secretariat
ICAO’s Progress on Sustainable Airports and Flight Operations – CAEP Working Group 2 ReportDavid Brain (EUROCONTROL) and Ted McDonald (Transport Canada)
Vertical Flight Efficiency En-Route (VFE-ER)David Brain (Eurocontrol)
The role of the pilot in climate change mitigation through operationsRobert Brons (IFALPA)
Operational Opportunities to Reduce Climate Effects of ContrailsAsuka Boehm (CANSO) and Robert Brons (IFALPA)
Operational opportunities and challenges for addressing air transport’s non-CO2 environmental impactsIATA
Leveraging environment footprint reduction in operations, including non-CO2Charles Renard (Airbus)
CHAPTER FIVE: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION — AVIATION CLEANER
ENERGIES
 
ICAO Global Framework for SAF, LCAF and other aviation cleaner energiesICAO Secretariat
Policy and Planning, and Regulatory Framework Foundations for Aviation Cleaner EnergiesICAO Secretariat
Advancing CORSIA-Eligible Fuels (CEFs)ICAO Secretariat and Daniel Brousse Rivas (EASA)
Emerging Technologies and processes for an increased SAF productionDan Bergels, Alyson Fick and Mark Rumizen (ASTM International)
The Increasing Importance and Potential of Electricity for CORSIA Eligible Fuel ProductionDaniel Brousse Rivas (EASA), Boris Stolz (BAZL), Matteo Prussi (Politecnico di Torino),
Robert Malina (Hasselt University), Florian Allroggen (MIT)
Japan’s Efforts to Introduce SAFOsamu Nakamura (JCAB), Yuki Nishimura (JGC), Miya Tobioka (ANA), Hideki Ochiai (JAL),
Yuhei Sato (COSMO Oil) and Mika Kasagawa (ENEOS)
Fueling the future: Brazil’s strategy on SAF and aviation energy transitionMarcela Anselmi and Ricardo Dupont (ANAC, Brazil)
A quiver of policy tools needed to hit sustainable aviation fuel targetsIlkka Hannula and Jeremy Moorhouse (IEA)
Global Landscape of SAF Accounting Methodology and Registry SystemsAzim Norazmi and Michael Schneider (IATA)
Bridging the Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) PremiumIsabel Galiana (Future Energy Global)
Impact of Hydrogen in AviationTina Jurkat-Witschas, Christiane Voigt, Simon Unterstraßer, Ulrike Burkhardt and Markus Rapp
(DLR)
Aviation Impact Accelerator (AIA)Professor Rob Miller (University of Cambridge)
CHAPTER SIX: CARBON OFFSETTING AND REDUCTION SCHEME FOR
INTERNATIONAL AVIATION (CORSIA)

 
Introduction to CORSIAICAO Secretariat
Overview of the CAEP/13 updates concerning CORSIAWG4 co-Rapporteurs, Kerri Henry (Canada) and Joonas Laukia (EU EASA)
The Role of ICAO’s CORSIA Central Registry (CCR) in CORSIA ImplementationICAO Secretariat
CORSIA Implementation in the Dominican RepublicJudit De Leon, Action Plan Focal Point; Luis Ramirez, CORSIA Focal Point
CORSIA Emissions Units: Key updates, the role of the Technical Advisory Body and Future DirectionGrégoire Baribeau (Canada) and Rachid Rahim (Qatar)
Article 6 of the Paris Agreement: Supporting International Climate Cooperation and CORSIAPhillip Eyre, Seoyoung Lim, Iana Messetchkova and Perumal Arumugam (UNFCCC Secretariat)
A call to action: Ensuring CORSIA’s robust implementationYue Huang and Abijith Amberi Premanand (International Air Transport Association, IATA)
CORSIA Eligible Fuels Certification: Processes and ProgressJuan Ignacio Hermira Herranz (SENASA, Spain)
Certification of CORSIA eligible fuelsNael Aoun (ClassNK)
Bringing CORSIA to a new level while shaping global carbon markets and fostering international cooperationPedro Piris-Cabezas (Environmental Defense Fund – EDF)
The 2025 CORSIA periodic reviewICAO Secretariat
CHAPTER SEVEN: STATE ACTION PLANS
 
Advancing Sustainable Aviation: The ICAO State Action Plan initiativeICAO Secretariat
Chile’s Actions to Enable Sustainable AviationMartín Mackenna Rueda (Ministry of Transport and Telecommunications, Chile)
Oman Vision 2040: A National Blueprint for Sustainable environment and Clean EnergySamah Al. Shibli (Oman Civil Aviation Authority)
Operational Benefits of the Implementation of Free Route Airspace in Kano Flight Information Region (Nigeria)Oyetoun Foluwake Adegbesan (Nigeria Civil Aviation Authority), and Samson O. Akpore (Nigerian
Airspace Management Agency)
Assessing the Clarity of Net-Zero State Action PlansSupraja Kumar (ICCT)
CHAPTER EIGHT: CAPACITY BUILDING AND IMPLEMENTATION SUPPORT  
ACT-SAF and ACT-CORSIA Programmes overview & recent developmentsICAO Secretariat
Regional Perspectives on Progress from ICAO Regional Officers towards the Long-Term Global Aspirational Goal (LTAG)Peter Dunda (APAC Region), Chinga Mazhetese (ESAF Region) Blandine Ferrier (EUR/NAT and
WACAF Regions), Radhouan Aissaoui (MID Region), Luis R. Sanchez (NACC Region), Jorge Armoa
(SAM Region)
Greening Aviation through Global Aviation Partnerships – the contribution of the European UnionEuropean Union (EU)
Kenya’s Role in the Global Effort on Aviation Environmental Protection and Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF)Francis Mwangi (Kenya Civil Aviation Authority - KCAA)
Lessons Learned from Capacity Building Sessions in the CaribbeanAshan Edoo (Transport Canada)
Participation of the Dominican Republic in the EASA Assistance Projects with the European Union FundingJudit De Leon (IDAC) and Eleonora Italia (EASA)
Ramping up roadmaps under ICAO’s ACT-SAF initiative: experience from Boeing and partnersBoeing
CHAPTER NINE: CLIMATE FINANCING
 
Mobilizing Financing for a Net-Zero Aviation SectorICAO Secretariat
The ICAO Finvest HubICAO Secretariat
Partnering for Aviation Decarbonisation: The ICAO-IRENA ApproachInternational Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA)
Combining and sequencing public-private levers can increase the likelihood of SAF project financingGiorgio Parolini (World Economic Forum)
Innovative financing structure for large scale SAF ProjectsChristoph Michel (GIZ PtX Hub)
The RLCF Alliance: enabling SAF development in the EU and beyondAlexis Chausteur (European Commission) and RLCF Alliance Steering Group (European
Commission, Fincantieri, FuelsEurope, Hydrogen Europe, and Safran)
From Innovation to Impact: Building Tomorrow’s Aerospace SectorPaul Adams (Aerospace Technology Institute – ATI, UK)
CHAPTER TEN: AIRCRAFT NOISE
 
Advancing Global Standards for Aircraft Noise: Developments from CAEP/13 and Outlook to CAEP/14ICAO Secretariat
Towards future noise standards for Emerging Technology Aircraft (ETA)Franck Cléro (DGAC-France) and David Josephson (Joby Aviation)
Noise Monitoring Systems Good PracticesAthanasios Synodinos (ICCAIA) and Oleksandr Zaporozhets (Ukraine)
Revisiting Noise Abatement Departure Procedures (NADP) ApplicationFrancesco Hoyas (Eurocontrol)
Aircraft Noise: A Balanced Path Toward Community and Operational SustainabilityJennifer Desharnais (ACI), Colette Zraibi (IATA), Jonathan Bagg (NAV CANADA)
CHAPTER ELEVEN: LOCAL AIR QUALITY
 
Addressing Local Air Quality: Latest Progress by ICAOICAO Secretariat
ICAO Airport Air Quality Manual Update (Doc 9889)Emanuel Fleuti (Zurich Airport)
Local Air Quality and Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF)Theo Rindlisbacher (Swiss Federal Office of Civil Aviation) and Richard C. Miake Lye (Aerodyne
Research)
Standards and Advances in Airport Air Quality ModellingUlf Janicke (Janicke Consulting)
Jointly regulating jet fuel aromatic and sulfur content: A near-term strategy for public health and climate benefitsPedro Piris-Cabezas (Environmental Defense Fund – EDF & ICSA)
CHAPTER TWELVE: GREEN AIRPORTS
 
Green Airports: At the Frontier of Aviation’s Cleaner Energy TransitionICAO Secretariat
Advancements in the Eco-Airport Toolkit e-CollectionJennifer Desharnais (ACI World)
Holistic Airport Decarbonisation from Ground to AirOLGA Project
Green Airports based on the good practices implemented in Dominican Republic international airportsJudit De Leon (IDAC) and Carolina Joaquín (Cibao International Airport)
Advancing Decarbonization through Energy Efficiency at İGA İstanbul AirportBilal Yildiz, Orhan Gül, Dr. Tunc Cavcav, and İrem Bilensoy (İGA İstanbul Airport)
CHAPTER THIRTEEN: CLIMATE ADAPTATION & RESILIENCE
 
Taking Flight Towards Climate ResilienceICAO Secretariat
Climate Adaptation Synthesis UpdateRachel Burgidge (Eurocontrol)
United Nations’ WMO initiativesGreg Brock, Stéphanie Wigniolle, Cyrille Honoré, and Sara Basart (WMO)
Climate Change Adaptation Action in EuropeRachel Burbidge (Eurocontrol), David Brain and Andreas Busa (EASA), and Alexandre de
Joybert (ACI Europe)
Understanding Airport Resilience & Adaptation: Insights from Airport ManagersKiran Gowda. K.S and Empati Uday Kumar (CDRI), Vivek Sindhamani and Asmeeta Das Sharma
(NACO, a company of Haskoning)
Preparing airports for a changing climateDaniel Bannister, Lucy Stanbrough, Christopher Au, and Tania Roca (WTW)
The role of co-design in assessing climate risk: case of Bologna AirportCarmela De Vivo and Paola Mercogliano (Foundation – Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate
Change - CMCC)
CHAPTER FOURTEEN: TOWARDS A CIRCULAR ECONOMY
 
Advancing Circular Economy Practices in AviationICAO Secretariat
Transitioning towards a circular economyInternational Aerospace Environmental Group (IAEG)
Pioneering Circularity in Airport Operations: Schiphol’s Path to Zero-WasteSara Solis (Royal Schiphol Group)
CHAPTER FIFTEEN: BIODIVERSITY
 
Biodiversity and Nature-Based Solutions: an emerging topic for the aviation sectorICAO Secretariat
Making peace with nature is a flight humankind cannot missAstrid Schomaker (Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD))
Integrating Biodiversity and Nature-Based Solutions in Airport OperationsJennifer Desharnais (ACI)
Enhancing biodiversity by carbon sequestration through Nature-Based Solutions — Abidjan Airport Côte d’IvoireAly Ouattara (AERIA), Géraud de Saint-Seine (Soil.is - EGIS),
Gaoussou Cisse (INP-HB/ GEESOIL)
Harmonising Aviation Growth and Marine Biodiversity: HKIA’s Innovative ApproachMartin Putnam and Anita Wong (Hong Kong International Airport – HKIA)
CHAPTER SIXTEEN: MULTISTAKEHOLDER COOPERATION
Advancements in Multistakeholder Cooperation Over the Last TrienniumICAO Secretariat
Working Together for Net-Zero by 2050: UNFCCC and ICAO’s Joint EffortsRyo Hamaguchi, Woojoo Kim, Bernd Hackmann and Stelios Pesmajoglou (UNFCCC)
ICAO Carbon Emissions Calculator (ICEC): a reference tool for estimating carbon emissionsICAO Secretariat
The Role of Aviation in the UN Decade of Sustainable Transport 2026–2035Riina Jussila (UN-DESA)
Partnering to Bolster Impact: the Sustainable Mobility for All (SuM4All) initiative experienceShokraneh Minovi (World Bank & SuM4All)
Message from the Secretary-General of the International Transport Forum (ITF)Young Tae Kim (IFT)
Message from the Executive Secretary of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)Astrid Schomaker (CBD)



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